Parents often reach for cough syrups when children develop a cold or cough, especially during seasonal changes. However, not all cough syrups are risk-free, and misuse can cause adverse effects. Dr Indu Khosla, senior consultant in paediatric pulmonology at Narayana Health SRCC Children’s Hospital in Mumbai, explains that some syrups may be unsuitable for young children, highlighting the need for caution.
Many cough syrups contain compounds like dextromethorphan, a common cough suppressant, which can cause drowsiness, vomiting, or breathing difficulties if given in improper doses or to children below the recommended age. First-generation antihistamines, such as chlorpheniramine or diphenhydramine, are also discouraged for children under two due to risks of excessive sedation and respiratory issues. Additionally, parents should carefully check ingredients for toxic contaminants such as Diethylene Glycol (DEG) or Ethylene Glycol, sometimes found in poorly manufactured syrups, which can lead to serious health complications.
For mild viral coughs, home remedies are often safer and effective. Dr Khosla recommends adequate hydration, warm fluids, saline nasal drops, and a humidifier to relieve cold symptoms naturally. For children above one year, warm water with honey can soothe the throat. In some cases, nebulisation with saline may help ease airway irritation, but only under medical supervision.
Parents are advised to consult a paediatrician if coughs persist for more than two weeks, or if they are accompanied by wheezing, difficulty in breathing, or high fever. While cough syrups remain a popular solution, understanding safer alternatives ensures children recover comfortably without unnecessary risk.