Dark circles are often blamed on lack of sleep, but experts say the reality is far more complex. According to dermatologist Dr Praneeta Jain, under-eye darkness can stem from multiple underlying causes, and identifying the correct type is essential before choosing any treatment.
Dr Jain explains that using random under-eye creams without understanding the root cause is ineffective. Different types of dark circles require different approaches, and in some cases, topical treatments may not work at all.
One of the most common types is pigmentation-based dark circles, which appear brown or dark brown and are especially common in Indian skin tones. These are caused by excess melanin due to factors like sun exposure, allergies, or frequent rubbing of the eyes. They can be identified when the colour remains unchanged even after stretching the skin. Treatments typically include sunscreen, vitamin C, and dermatologist-guided procedures like chemical peels or laser therapy.
Another type is structural or volume-related dark circles, often seen as hollowness under the eyes rather than actual discoloration. This occurs due to fat loss or shifting with age, creating shadows. These are best treated with procedures like tear trough fillers, as creams cannot restore lost volume.
Pigmentary demarcation lines are also commonly mistaken for dark circles. These appear as a sharp contrast between the under-eye area and cheeks and are largely genetic. While they cannot be completely removed, consistent sun protection and mild treatments can help reduce their appearance.
Ageing-related dark circles occur due to skin laxity and fine lines, which create shadows under the eyes. Treatments that boost collagen, such as retinol-based products and advanced dermatological procedures, can improve this condition.
In many cases, individuals experience a combination of different types, making treatment more complex. This is why a professional assessment is often necessary to determine the dominant cause and create an effective treatment plan.
Vascular dark circles are another category, appearing bluish or purplish due to visible blood vessels beneath thin under-eye skin. These may worsen with fatigue, dehydration, or poor circulation. Improving sleep, hydration, and using caffeine-based products can offer temporary relief, while laser treatments may provide longer-term improvement.
Dr Jain also highlights common triggers that can worsen dark circles across all types, including iron deficiency, allergies, thyroid issues, dehydration, and chronic sleep deprivation. She recommends basic health tests such as haemoglobin, ferritin, and thyroid levels before starting treatment.
Understanding the exact cause is the key to effectively managing dark circles, rather than relying on generic skincare solutions.