Choking is a common yet potentially fatal emergency that can escalate within seconds if not handled correctly. It occurs when food or another object blocks the airway, restricting breathing and cutting off oxygen supply to the brain. Knowing how to respond quickly can make the difference between life and death.
According to experienced cardiac surgeon Dr Jeremy London, the first and most important step is to assess the situation. Not every choking incident requires immediate physical intervention. If the person can still speak, cough, or breathe, it usually means the airway is only partially blocked. In such cases, encouraging them to cough forcefully is often enough to clear the obstruction naturally.
However, if the individual cannot speak, is struggling to breathe, or is clutching their throat — a universal sign of choking — urgent action is required.
One widely recommended approach is the “five-and-five” technique. This involves delivering five firm back blows followed by abdominal thrusts if needed. To perform the back blows, position the person slightly bent forward and use the heel of your hand to strike between their shoulder blades with controlled force. This action can sometimes dislodge the obstruction immediately.
If back blows do not work, the Heimlich manoeuvre should be used. To perform it correctly, stand behind the person and wrap your arms around their waist. Form a fist with one hand and place it just above the navel, ensuring the thumb side is inward. Then grasp your fist with your other hand and apply quick, upward thrusts into the abdomen. These thrusts create pressure that can force the blocked object out of the airway.
It is advised to alternate between five back blows and five abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is cleared. If the person loses consciousness at any point, immediate medical assistance should be sought without delay.
Understanding these simple yet critical steps can empower anyone to act confidently during an emergency. Quick thinking and the right technique can save a life in situations where every second counts.