Stroke remains one of the world’s leading causes of death and long-term disability, affecting millions each year. According to the World Stroke Organization, over 100 million people worldwide experience strokes, with nearly half losing their lives and many survivors suffering from mobility, speech, and cognitive impairments. The organization further estimates that by 2030, the global cost of stroke will exceed US$1 trillion, making it a major public health crisis.
While these statistics are alarming, experts emphasize that strokes are largely preventable. Nearly 90% of all strokes are linked to lifestyle-related and modifiable risk factors. To help raise awareness, neurologist Dr. Darshan Doshi from P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mahim, has identified three major yet often overlooked contributors to stroke — what he calls the “3S”: Salt, Stress, and Screen Time.
1. Salt
Excessive salt consumption is one of the leading causes of high blood pressure, a key trigger for both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. “High dietary sodium intake is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors for stroke,” said Dr. Doshi. He suggests switching to healthier salt substitutes like potassium chloride to reduce risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting sodium intake to less than 2000 mg per day, but most people exceed this limit, unknowingly increasing their stroke and heart disease risk.
2. Screen Time
With the modern world revolving around digital devices, excessive screen time has emerged as a surprising stroke risk factor. Dr. Doshi explains, “Spending more than three hours a day on screens can independently increase the likelihood of stroke, regardless of diet or exercise.” Extended screen exposure encourages sedentary habits, reduces fitness levels, and promotes insulin resistance, all of which contribute to poor cardiovascular and brain health.
3. Stress
Chronic stress is another silent stroke contributor. While short-term stress is a natural response, long-term emotional strain can harm the heart and brain. “Persistent stress triggers hormonal and vascular imbalances that elevate stroke risk,” Dr. Doshi noted. Continuous mental pressure leads to sympathetic activation, metabolic dysregulation, and blood vessel dysfunction, which can eventually result in atherothrombosis—a condition that promotes blood clots and strokes.
Managing these three factors — salt, stress, and screen time — through lifestyle adjustments can significantly lower the chances of a stroke. As Dr. Doshi concludes, “Awareness and prevention are your best weapons against stroke. Small daily changes can make a big difference.”